diaphragm is a thin, rubber dome with a firm, flexible rim that a woman places inside her vagina to cover her cervix. A cap is a smaller dome-shaped device that fits more snugly over the cervix. Both aim to prevent semen entering the uterus to fertilise an egg. The diaphragm or cap must be left in place for at least six hours after intercourse, until all the sperm in the vagina die. Diaphragms are generally around 94% effective and caps around 89% - if used every time and inserted correctly. Spermicide can also be used, but this does not seem to make them more effective.
Image 12-34 shows a diaphragm and how it can be moulded into shape before insertion to cover the cervix.
Image 12-40 shows one type of cap, which is designed to sit more snugly over the cervix.
Check your diaphragm or cap regularly for holes by holding it up to the light and make sure it does not feel tacky, as this means the rubber is perishing. Wash it after removing it with warm water and a mild soap, rinse and dry carefully and store in its container away from heat. Some women use a little cornflour to keep it dry. Never use perfumed talc.
Side effects. None, unless you are allergic to rubber.
Breastfeeding. Diaphragms and caps can be used when breastfeeding, but not with spermicide.
Advantages of diaphragms and caps are they: