Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS)
Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (known as TENS) is a non-invasive method of pain relief that is popular in Europe and the UK, but generally under-utilised in Australia. A TENS machine consists of a small battery driven pulse generator, connected to 1 or 2 pairs of electrodes. The electrode pads are usually adhered to the woman's middle and lower back and are positioned over specific skin nerve endings, stimulated with rhythmic electric pulses.
Image 8-21 shows where the electrode pads are placed on the woman's lower back.
The electric pulses interrupt pain sensations along the nerve endings. The woman adjusts the hand control unit to make it low frequency and intermittent, or pulsed at high frequency and continuous. Low frequencies tend to help stimulate the release of endorphins, while higher frequencies override the sensations of labour pain in line with the '
gate control theory'. When the machine is activated it causes a 'buzzing' or 'tingling' sensation on the skin underneath the electrodes.
TENS is more likely to be effective when started early in the labour. It is also tends to be more effective if the stimulation is turned to the point where it is 'nearly' uncomfortable, or painful. The machines are portable and usually need to be hired (most hospitals do not supply them, ask your caregiver).
You can use the TENS at home in early labour, and bring it with you to the hospital to continue its use. As the labour pain increases, the electrical impulses can also be increased to suit your needs. Some women experience the tingling sensation as a 'sharper' sensation when the current is increased. You can trial the use of the TENS in the pregnancy to see if the sensation agrees with you. TENS can also be used to help stimulate certain
acupressure points during labour, rather than the partner or support person applying finger pressure.
Things to consider- TENS